Stages of development of historical knowledge Terms of historical writing Allied sciences for historical studies Choosing a topic for historical research and drawing up a plan Compiling scientific material for historical research Analysis of historical documents Historical synthesis process The stage of historical presentation or writing of research

The geographical location of ancient Egyptian civilization (Nile Valley Civilization), an overview of Egyptian civilization, the most important aspects of civilization - social life. Economic life. Political life Cultural and architectural life Religious life, foreign relations. The geographical location of Mesopotamia. An overview of the Mesopotamian civilization. Cultural manifestations - political life, economic life, social life. Cultural and architectural life. Religious life Foreign affairs.

The geographical location of the Arabian Peninsula - the impact of the environment on the population The most important kingdoms that arose in the south of the Arabian Peninsula - the most important components that helped establish civilization in the south of the Arabian Peninsula Religious distinction and foreign invasion The most important cities of Hijaz Kingdoms of the Levant and Iraq Manifestations of civilization in the Arabian Peninsula - political life Religious life Economic life Cultural and intellectual life Social life

1- The Arabian Peninsula before Islam - Geographical nature - Political, economic, religious, and social conditions. 2- The emergence of the Islamic call - Introducing the person of the Prophet. - The revelation descends. - Immigration to Abyssinia. - The two pledges of allegiance and migration to Yathrib. 3- Establishing the Islamic State - The newspaper (city constitution) - Brotherhood - Building the mosque - Legislating jihad - Organizing the companies 4- The Three Great Conquests - Battle of Badr - The Battle of Uhud - Battle of the Trench 5- The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 6- The conquest of Mecca 7- The invasions of Hunayn, Taif and Tabuk 8- The era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs - The Saqifa meeting and Abu Bakr assuming the caliphate - Wars of response - The succession of Omar bin Al-Khattab 9- Islamic conquests - Reasons and motives for the conquest 10- Conquest of Iraq and Persia 11- Conquest of the Levant 12- Conquest of Egypt 13- The conquest of Cyrenaica and Tripoli, and the conquest of Africa 14- Political crisis - The Shura case - The great strife - Spontaneous movement - Battle of the Camel - The Battle of Siffin and arbitration 15- Islamic systems at the beginning of Islam and the Rightly Guided Caliphate - The political system, the succession, the ministry, the emirate, and the division of lands. - Administrative system, offices, police hisba cases. - Financial system. - Military systems.

The impact of geographical location on the history of a Greek country - the most important factors that contributed to the emergence of Greek civilization. The system of independent free cities - systems of government - the Greek family - the Spartan family, the Athenian family. Aspects of Greek civilization - religion among the Greeks Economic life Cultural life, Greek literature, science and philosophy Social organization. . Wars with Carthage and the Persian Empire - War with Carthage - Wars with the Persian Empire. Formation of political thought - the formation stage - the definition stage - the detail stage Art and Architecture - A - City Planning, B - Architecture, C - Sculpture, D - Painting and Minor Arts.

history The meaning and definition of history, history as a language - history as a term. History topics and goals. History and study of society History and its relationship to other sciences Division of historical stages Historical sources

Morocco in prehistoric times. Lower Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic. Upper Paleolithic. Oran Civilization / Gafsid Civilization Neolithic in Morocco Egypt’s relations with the Maghreb, Egypt’s relations with the Maghreb during the era of the New Kingdom, Libo and the Twenty-Second Dynasty The inhabitants of ancient Morocco before the migrations of the sea peoples, the Tahno/Tamhou/Mishwash/Libo The Phoenician era, the Phoenicians origin and origin. The role of the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean, Phoenician cities Morocco in the Carthaginian era The population of Morocco in the Carthaginian era Manifestations of civilization in the Carthaginian era Political organization, army, economic life, religious life Greek-Carthaginian conflict Carthaginian-Roman conflict The Vandal occupation of the ancient Maghreb First Punic War Second Punic War Third Punic War

Medieval societies Origins of European history Empire and Christianity Barbarians and the Fall of the Empire in the West Islam and Europe Reform movements Manifestations of European civilization in the Middle Ages

The establishment of the Byzantine state The era of Emperor Diocletian The era of Emperor Constantine the Great The era of Emperor Justinian Heraclius dynasty The era of the Macedonian dynasty The era of the Komnenian dynasty Evangelical family rule Cultural aspects of the Byzantine state The fall of the Byzantine state

The importance of the English language in historical research Translated terms for different historical eras Translated texts for various historical sites Training in using the dictionary and translating texts

The relationship between East and West before Alexander. Opening up between Greece and the East during the time of Alexander. The end of the Hellenistic era and the beginning of the Hellenistic era. The Seljuk Kingdom and its civilization The Ptolemaic Kingdom and its civilization Rome and the end of the Hellenistic era

The establishment of the Umayyad state Caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty Islamic conquests during the Umayyad dynasty Cultural aspects of the Umayyad state The end of the Umayyad dynasty and the factors of its downfall

The origins of Rome and the history of its founding Landmarks of the monarchy in Rome Rome's expansions into the Italian peninsula and the Mediterranean The Republican era and its political system Rome and the problems of the republican system Presidential system in Rome Government systems during the first era of the Roman Empire Government systems during the late Roman Empire Collapse of the Roman Empire

Maghreb countries geography and terminology The Arab-Islamic conquest of the Maghreb Separatist movements and the emergence of independent states

Conditions of the Islamic East and the European West in the 11th century AD The Abbasid Caliphate and its collapse What are the Crusades? Causes of the Crusades Crusades causes and results

A glimpse into the geography of ancient Libya Sources of ancient Libyan history Stone Ages in Libya Libya in the Greek and Phoenician era Libya in the Roman and Byzantine era

First: Landmarks of modern European history. Manifestations of the Middle Ages - Characteristics of modern European history - The era of the European Renaissance - Factors for its establishment - Its centers - Its manifestations - Geographical discoveries and the beginning of the modern European colonial movement - Factors and results. Second: The religious reform movement. Motives and causes - The emergence of reformers - The Catholic Reform Movement - The Thirty Years' War - Reasons and motives - Europe and absolute monarchy. Third: The French Revolution and the growth of the nationalist movement in Europe. Causes of the French Revolution - Principles of the Revolution - The position of European countries towards the revolution - The era of revolutions in Europe - Italian unification 1870 - German unification 1871. Fourth: The Industrial Revolution and its effects. The imbalance of power in Europe - the emergence of the industrial revolution - England and the industrial revolution - the effects of the spread of the industrial revolution. Fifth: Europe before World War I. European alliances and the balance of power - the end of the Bismarck regime - the crises leading up to World War I - the Algeciras crisis - the Bosnia and Herzegovina crisis - the Agadir crisis - the Balkan war. Sixth: World War I. Its causes - the events of the war - the entry of the United States and the change in the course of events - the Bolshevik Revolution - the reconciliation conference and peace agreements. Seventh: Europe between the two wars. The League of Nations Fascist regime in Italy. The Nazi regime in Germany. Eighth: The crises leading up to World War II. The Sino-Japanese War - the Italo-Ethiopian War - the Spanish Civil War - the annexation of Austria by Hitler - the Polish-German crisis. Ninth: World War II. Direct and indirect causes - the war and its events - the end of the war and peace negotiations - the United Nations. Tenth: The Cold War. Its causes - its effects in the international arena - alliance policy - the fall of the communist camp.

- Libya before the Arab-Islamic conquest - Libya in the era of governors - Libya between the Aghlabids and the Tulunids - Libya in the Fatimid era - The construction of Libya from the conquest until the move of the Fatimids to Egypt - Libya between the Fatimids and Banu Ziri Sanhajis - The wave of Arab tribes in Libya, its settlement and its results - Conditions in Cyrenaica since the settlement of Arab tribes until the beginning of the ninth century AH - The history of Tripoli between the years (540 AH / 803 AH) - Cultural life in Libya from the late fourth century AH until the beginning of the ninth century AH.

The Arab world, the cradle of civilizations, the factors for the establishment of civilizations, the Arabian Peninsula, the cradle of the Semitic race, the inhabitants of the Arab countries Ancient Arab migrations, Arab migrations to Mesopotamia, Arab migrations to the Levant, Egypt and North Africa. The political, religious, economic and cultural life of the Arabs, the Arab states The era of the message, the Islamic call, migration battles, introductions to the Islamic conquests The era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, Islamic conquests, financial regulations The Umayyad era, the establishment of the Umayyad state, political developments, Arab-Islamic civilization, administrative systems, financial systems, intellectual life. General conditions in the Arab world - Portuguese and Spanish colonial invasion Mamluks, Iraq after the Mongol invasion The Arab world under Ottoman rule, the Ottoman expansion in Europe, local families in the Arab states The Italian occupation of Libya 1911 - the Arab world at the end of the Ottoman era

The conditions of the Islamic world at the end of the Umayyad state The Abbasid Revolution and its stages The first Abbasid era Second Abbasid era (Turkish influence) The third Abbasid era, Buyid influence) Fourth Abbasid era (Seljuk influence) The Mongol invasion and the end of the Abbasid state

Civilization, its definition, origin and development Ancient Civilizations Origins of Islamic civilization Manifestations of Islamic civilization Islamic civilization and its impact on other civilizations

The origin of the Ottoman Turks, the establishment and expansion of the state, Sultan Ur Khan, Murad I Sultan Bayezid I, Sultan Murad II Constantinople, siege, fall, Europe after the fall The efforts of Muhammad the Conqueror after the conquest of Constantinople Muhammad the Conqueror in Asia and Europe Sultan Bayezid II The expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Asia and Europe The Ottomans in the Arabian Gulf Sultan Abdul Hamid Constitutional movement The end of the Ottoman Empire

Arab-African relations in the Islamic era - Africa in Arabic works - Arabs in East Africa until the establishment of the Sultanate of Zanzibar - Islamic African kingdoms The Arabs penetrated the Christian kingdoms of Abyssinia and Nubia. - The Arabs and the Western Sudanese Kingdoms - The issue of slavery and the slave trade in Africa - The Sultanate of Zanzibar and its extension to the Congo - The Sultanate of Zanzibar and its extension to the Congo And the tropical lakes plateau - Arab incursion into the Sahara Desert. Arab-African relations in the modern era - Arab-African relations during the period of liberation from foreign colonialism - Challenges facing Arab-African relations. - External international influence and its impact on Arab-African relations - The foundations and foundations necessary to confront the challenges to strengthen Arab-African cooperation relations.

Firstly, the documents - Definition of documents - The most important types of documents - The role of documents in the world according to their antiquity - The development of the memorization system in Egypt before the establishment of the notebook - French National Archives - Systems and regulations in the French National Archives - British Archives (British Archives) - Information systems at the British Archives - American Archive - Organizing access to documents in the American archives Secondly, manuscripts - Definition of manuscript -Manuscript interface problems - The first written text - Early classification - Paper and papers - types of lines - The origin of the texts - Copy houses - How to collect assets - Copy checking - Investigation - Check the author's name - Achieving attribution of the book to its author - Investigation of the text of the book - Introductions to text investigation - Correction and distortion

Andalusia geography, naming and terminology The internal conditions of Andalusia before the Islamic conquest The Islamic conquest of Andalusia The Umayyad dynasty in Andalusia kings of Denominations Moroccan control of Andalusia The Kingdom of Beni Al-Ahmar and the fall of Granada Islamic cultural manifestations in Andalusia

It aims to study the concept of political geography, its development and the field of its study The natural geographical components of state power The human geographical components of state power The economic components of state power Strategic theories Political borders International blocs and their impact on the independence of countries Political problems

First: The concept of international relations - the nature of international relations and its connection to the rest of the sciences - the factors affecting international relations. Second: Contemporary theory in the study of international relations. The idealist school - political realism - the behavioral school Third: The course of international relations before World War II. Fourth: The international reality after the end of World War II - the capitalist bloc led by the United States of America - the socialist countries bloc led by the Soviet Union. Fifth: International political relations in the era of international organizations. League of Nations - International political relations in the era of the United Nations - The founding stage - The organization’s charter - The role of the United Nations in addressing international issues. Sixth: International alliances and the balance of power. NATO - Warsaw Pact - NATO - Baghdad Pact. The theory of the balance of power - the means of the balance of power - the patterns of the balance of power. Seventh: International relations in light of the Cold War. Introduction to the Cold War - the policy of containment and international polarization in light of the Cold War - the Eisenhower Doctrine and filling the void - manifestations of the Cold War - the Korean War - the missile crisis in Cuba - the Vietnam War. Eighth: International relations between peaceful coexistence and the crisis of international reconciliation - Peaceful coexistence - the most prominent manifestations of peaceful coexistence - International reconciliation, its causes and crisis. Ninth: The Non-Aligned Movement. The Bandung Conference and the emergence of the movement - Principles and objectives - The challenges that faced and are facing the Non-Aligned Movement - The Non-Aligned Movement and international relations - The impact of the Non-Aligned Movement on the international balance - The Non-Aligned Movement and the New World Order - The reasons for the decline of the Non-Aligned Movement. Tenth: New international changes and their repercussions on international relations - the collapse of the socialist system - The collapse of the Soviet Union - The imbalance of power and the dominance of the American pole in international relations - the Middle East and international relations -

First: The conditions of the Arab world before the Ottoman rule. The importance of the location of the Arab world - the conditions of the Arab world before Ottoman control and linking this to the development of global events in that period. Second: Ottoman control over the Arab world. Ottoman control over the Levant, Egypt and Hijaz - Ottoman control over Iraq, Yemen, southern and eastern Arabia - Control over the Maghreb except Marrakesh - The Ottoman system of government in the Arab world - The results of the Arab world’s inclusion under Ottoman rule - The political, economic and social conditions of the Arab world under Ottoman rule Third: Independence and secessionist movements from the Ottoman Empire. The Zahir al-Omar movement in Palestine - the Fakhr al-Din al-Maani movement in Lebanon - the Ahmad al-Jazzar movement in the Levant - the Al-Azm family in Syria - Muhammad Ali in Egypt - the Qaramanli family in Libya - the Hanniyya family in Tunisia Fourth: European ambitions in the Arab world during the nineteenth century until World War I. The French campaign against Egypt and the Levant in 1798 - the French occupation of Algeria - the French occupation of Tunisia - the British colonization of Egypt and Sudan - the Italian colonization of Libya - the French protectorate over Marrakesh - the British colonization of Iraq - the British colonization of southern Arabia and the Arabian Gulf. Fifth: World War I and the Arab world. Correspondence of Sharif Hussein - McMahon - the Sykes-Picot Agreement and its impact on the future of the Arabs - the Balfour Declaration and its repercussions - the peace conference - the San Remo Conference and the mandate system. Sixth: The Arab National Movement between the two wars. Political developments in Iraq - Syria and Lebanon between the wars - the Palestinian issue and its developments - the Emirate of Transjordan between the wars. Seventh: Political developments in the Arabian Peninsula and the Arabian Gulf - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - political developments in Yemen - political developments in the Arabian Gulf. Eighth: Egypt and Sudan between the wars - Egypt and Sudan from World War II until independence - The July 1952 Revolution - Libya between the wars - Libya from World War II until independence. Ninth: Political developments in the Arab Maghreb. The situation in Tunisia between the wars - Tunisia from World War II to independence - The national movement in Algeria between the wars - Algeria from World War II to independence - Morocco between the wars - Morocco from World War II to independence - Mauritania from colonialism to independence. Tenth: Political developments in the Horn of Africa (Somalia) and the establishment of the Arab League.

The movement of discovery, the discovery of America - America before Columbus - English colonialism - Anglo-French conflict in America Relations of the English with the Indians English colonies Independence of the United States of America The United States and the Constitution of 1789 The Civil War - An Age of Growth and Ages The United States and its expansion policy The United States and World War I The United States between the wars

The control of the Spanish and the Knights of Malta over Tripoli - manifestations of joy in Europe The conditions of Tripoli under the rule of the Spanish-Ottomans in North Africa Cecession of Tripoli to the Knights of Malta Rule of the Knights of Malta Tripoli – Ottoman siege of Tripoli Ottoman rule - the first governors - Murad Agha - Darguth Pasha - the Christian campaign against Djerba The situation in Tripoli in 1560 - the siege of Malta and the death of Darguth Pasha - Western Tripoli in the second half of the sixteenth century - the administrative system of the Tripoli state following the Turkish occupation The establishment of the Qaramanli family - the reign of Ahmed Pasha Al-Qaramanli - the Qaramanli family - the works of Ahmed Pasha - the death of Ahmed Pasha Youssef Pasha and Ali Pasha II - relations with major powers The situation in the interior and Fezzan - the collapse of piracy - the second Ottoman era in Tripoli

Sources of African history Overview of Africa in the Middle Ages Geographical discoveries Slave trade Colonial means of entering Africa European colonization of Africa Independence of the African peoples Africa's problems after independence

A geographical and historical introduction - the geographical features of the Asian continent - the economic features - the beginning of colonial penetration China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - The Opium War - The Taiping Movement - The Boxers Revolution 1900 Revolution of 1900 - Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Republic Sino-Japanese War - Civil War - Chinese Revolution Cultural Revolution 1965 - Japan since 1853 Meiji Reform Movement - Modern Japanese Renaissance - Military rule Japan after World War II Korea's geographical location and development of political history - the Korean War Vietnam from colonialism to independence French colonialism in Vietnam - the Geneva Conference and the division of Vietnam Indonesia from colonialism to independence Dutch Colonialism - Resistance Movement The road to independence

First: Preparing for the Italian invasion and the Libyans’ position on it Libya before the occupation - the Bank of Rome and its role in paving the way for the invasion - exploratory missions to Libya - European competition over the occupation of Libya - the national and Turkish position on Italian penetration in Libya. Second: The beginning of the Italian invasion of Libya The Italian warning to the Ottoman authorities - The Italian government’s declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire - The Ottoman position on the declaration of war - The occupation of Tripoli, October 1911 - The Battle of Al-Hani and Shatt Street, October 1911 - The occupation of Tobruk - The occupation of Derna, October 1911 - The occupation of Benghazi, October 1911 - The occupation of the city of Al-Khoms - The government’s announcement Italian annexation of Tripoli and Cyrenaica to the Italian crown - Battle of Bu Kamash - Occupation of Zuwara - Occupation of Misrata. Third: The Ouchi Peace of Lausanne 1912 and its impact on the jihad movement. Negotiations between Turkey and Italy - Turkish withdrawal from Tripoli and Cyrenaica - The national position on peace - Al-Aziziya Conference - The effects of the Peace of Lausanne on the jihad movement. Fourth: Italian penetration into the country following the Peace of Lausanne. The Battle of Jendouba 1913 - The Campaign against Fezzan - The Battle of Ashkada - The Battle of Mahruqa - The Battles of Cyrenaica - The Battle of Sidi Karim Al-Qarbaa Fifth: World War I and the Jihad movement. The Jihad movement in Fezzan 1914 - The Jihad movement in the western region - The Battle of Qardabiya and its results - The appearance of Idris Al-Senussi on the political scene in Cyrenaica - Negotiations with Italy (Zeitina - Ikrimah Agreement). Fifth: The Tripoli Republic 1918 The founding phase - the Obelisk Conference, November 1918 - the Italian position on it - the international position on it - the Gharyan Conference. Sixth: The Libyan Jihad movement between the two wars. Al-Rajma Agreement - Abu Maryam Agreement - Sirte Conference 1922 - Battle of Qasr Hamad 1922 - Sharif Hotel Conference April 1922 - Italian Campaigns on the Qibla - Battle of Taqrift. Seventh: The Jihad Movement in the Green Mountain led by Omar Al-Mukhtar. The most prominent features of the jihad movement in this period - unified leadership - roles - jihad battles led by Omar Al-Mukhtar - capture and execution of Omar Al-Mukhtar. Eighth: The Italian policy of oppression and genocide against the Libyans. Detention centers - the damage resulting from them - exile and extermination. Ninth: Sources of supply in the Jihad movement. Supply types and sources - sources of external supply - internal supply.

History and its philosophy terms and concepts History and historical writing Interpretation of history Interpreting the movement of history by philosophical factors and visions Philosophy of history selected theories

Translation movement in the Middle Ages Translational sciences Medical Sciences Mathematical Sciences applied Sciences Botany and zoology

First: The political situation in North Africa before the establishment of the Fatimid state. Second: The establishment of the Fatimid state. The origin of the Fatimids - the Shiite mission in North Africa - the first pioneers - the role of Abu Abdullah Al-Da’i - the journey of Ubayd Allah Al-Mahdi to the Arab Maghreb. Third: The caliphate of Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi. Fourth: The caliphate of the Qa’im by God’s command Fifth: The succession of Al-Mansur with Nasrallah Sixth: The caliphate of Al-Mu'izz to the religion of God and the transfer of the Fatimid Caliphate to Egypt and the Islamic East. Seventh: The succession of the Mighty in God Eighth: The succession of the ruler by God’s command. Ninth: The Caliphate of Al-Zahir - The Caliphate of Al-Mustansir by God. Tenth: The deterioration and decline of the Fatimid Caliphate under the rule of ministers. Administrative, economic and financial systems, social life, arts and architecture during the Fatimid era.

The development of psychology, definition of psychology and its goals The importance of psychology, branches of psychology The relationship of psychology with other sciences Behavioral school, analytical school Cognitivist school, humanistic school Attention and sensory perception Definitions of sensory perception Factors affecting attention Definition of perception and the factors affecting it Definition of emotion and conditions for its occurrence, types of emotion, theories of emotion Definition of motivation and its types, theories of motivation. Definition of intelligence, its theories, factors affecting it, thinking and remembering Psychological health Personal . Its concept and factors affecting it

Countable and uncountable nouns Plural and single nouns Present simple tense Present continuous tense Past simple tense Present perfect tense Past continuous tense Past perfect tense Unit 1: Interrogatives Unit2: Articles Unit 3: sentence structure Verbs : present, past& future perfect tenses. Affirmative, negative& interrogative. Modal verbs: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may ,might, must, have to,(ability, possibility, permission, obligation……..etc Modal verbs: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may ,might, must, have to,(ability, possibility, permission, obligation……..etc Making questions: informative (WH)question & yes, no questions. Passive voice: simple, continuous & perfect tenses Prepositions: preposition of time, place& movement. Relative clauses: defining & non-defining (who- which-where-that…..etc Reported speech: statement, command, question sentences Conjunctions: because, although, or ,but, ….etc.

Defining the art of public speaking and knowing its fields Rules that must be observed by the recipient: Initiation. Endowment. Eraz. Intonation. Tabriz Wholesale and its types Punctuation marks and their role in the art of speaking What does speech depend on? Characteristics of a distinguished orator Characteristics of a good speaker Ages of Arabic literature From the conditions of the predicate and the predicate to it Deletion in the predicate and the predicate The hamza is at the beginning of the word The hamza is in the middle of the word The hamza at the end of the word

The concept of Islamic culture, sources of Islamic culture. The importance of Islamic culture, the relationship of Islamic culture with other cultures. The concept and pillars of the Islamic faith. Characteristics of the Islamic faith. Effects on the individual. Effects on society. Issues in the Islamic faith The concept of worship. Motives for worship. Ruling on worship and its conditions. Characteristics of worship. The ruling on worship and its purposes. Misconceptions and practices in worship. Ethics and defining its concept. Noble morals and Islam’s keenness to improve morals. Educational means for acquiring and developing good morals.

Beginner pictures. Types of news, presenting the news. Cases of deleting the subject and predicate, obligatory and permissible. It was and its sisters, their meanings, and their work. Provide her news, delete her name, delete her news. It was the perfect letter, the letters similar to lis. It and its sisters, their meanings, and their work. Topics for breaking the hamza-in, topics for opening the hamza-in. No denying sex. Types of nouns that negate gender. Conditions for its implementation. Ton and her sisters. Cancellation. comment.

A historical introduction to computers and an introduction to computer generations Types of computers and computer features The physical and moral components of the computer Components of input units Output unit components CPU components Counting systems Logical pops Introduction to networks

Graduation research aims to apply and implement the knowledge and skills that the student acquired during his study of specialized courses